Overzicht

SocProf

81 Artikelen
Achtergrond: Jay Huang (cc)
Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

How capitalism killed the notion of career

, door

boekomslag corrosion of characterThis is not a new idea coming from Richard Sennett. He already wrote about that very topic in The Corrosion of Character. Like many other analysts, Sennett notes that Obama made a significant mistake when he did not make job creation and reducing precarization a priority of his administration (the interview was conducted before the 2010 election) because he has no sense of the realities of everyday life of so many Americans.

For Sennett, the United States is a country that is socially very vulnerable not only because of precarization but also because of greater individualization. Strikes and social movements such as those seen in France over the past few weeks are unimaginable in the US. Americans tend to consider survival in individual terms (or, I would add, just limited to their family). I think this triumph of ideological individualism is the major victory of the right because it frames every issue. After all, as Denis Colombi – marshalling Polanyi – reminds us, the market exercises a hold not just on material relations but also on minds.

If I were Durkheimian, I would add that this low level of social solidarity explains the fact that the US is a society that more interpersonally and structurally violent than other rich countries.

Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

These are nasty times

, door

A bad economy, a crisis clearly caused by the elites and spineless and corporate-bought governments are imposing the ultimate shock therapy on to the rest of the populations have created conditions that I would call “nasty times”  that have also facilitated the emergence of “nasty movements”, of which the Tea Party in the US is a perfect example. Nasty movements are these movements that are based on exclusionary politics, eliminationist rhetoric, and reactionary views anchored in resentful racial and class privilege (they include fundamentalist religious political of all tripes).

Such movements have invaded the general political discourse where these movements are treated as legitimate social actors. At the same time, mainstream political parties, faced with a massive crisis of legitimacy are trying to latch on to the nasty movements either in rhetoric or in policies. For instance:

France adopts a new immigration law that includes the withdrawal of citizenship to naturalized citizens accused of certain crimes, in effect creating a double standard in the law: one law for born citizens and one for naturalized citizens, no more equality under the law.

France, of course, has made itself also infamous for its indiscriminate deportation of Roms (some of them French citizens) more as a publicity coup than anything else. After all, it is a common trope of right-wing politicians: when things go wrong (like the economy), get nasty against minorities and other groups who are not likely to fight back. But France has not been the only one getting nasty against the Roms. As Thorbjørn Jagland, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, stated:

Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

The sociology of powerpoint presentations

, door

Slide uit de beroemde ppt presentatie van Colin PowellIt all started with a powerpoint presentation… Colin Powell big lyin’ presentation to the UN to justify the War in Iraq. For Franck Frommer, Powerpoint (and the ubiquitous Powerpoint presentation) is a reflection of the way we think and process knowledge and the sociological dynamics that underlie these changes.

In this interview with Le Monde, he describes these dynamics. First off, Powerpoint has become hegemonic in that it is used by over 500 million people worldwide and has a quasi-monopoly over presentation software. It is also a skill everyone is expected to have. Anything, any type of content is expected to be turned into a Powerpoint presentation (”just do a Powerpoint!”).

In the 1980s – 1990s, Word was the hegemonic software. But we have switched from word processing and written text to esthetic and bulleted content with its own codes, grammar and rhetoric.

Part of the triumph of ppt is the fact that the price of entry is really low and that it is possible, without much training to play around with it, with easy multimedia integration, transitions, etc. Finding the worst Powerpoint presentations is a fun Internet meme (see here) that makes fun of the amateurs who go overboard with features. At the same time, for Frommer, Powerpoint emerged on the market at the same time that businesses were undergoing transformations to flatten hierarchies and engage in management by projects. Collaboration and transversality became the name of the game and worker’s creativity became the buzzword. Which meant, organizationally, more meetings to discuss with a wider range of people, hence the need for a simple common language.

Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

Bystander apathy 2.0

, door

Of course, we all use this in when we teach bystander apathy with this classical case:

Now, a more contemporary case, different time, different circumstances, same effect:

“The passengers queuing for British Airways flight 77 from Heathrow comprised the clientele that might be expected to board a flight bound for a mineral-rich African country.

Many of those waiting at Terminal 5’s Gate A18 at 7.40pm on Tuesday night were expatriates – including British, Canadian and American engineers heading out to work in Angola’s lucrative oil fields.

Only one passenger, Jimmy Mubenga, was dreading his arrival at Luanda airport.

Within 50 minutes, his muscular 6ft body would be laid out along an aisle at the rear of the plane, seemingly lifeless, as the aircraft was diverted from the runway and returned to the stand, where paramedics were waiting.

Mubenga’s last 50 minutes alive were tonight under investigation by detectives from Scotland Yard’s homicide squad. The death of the Angolan father of five while he was being deported, after losing a legal appeal to remain in the UK in August, is being treated as unexplained.”

Except it does not seem like it is unexplained. The man did not want to be deported. His guards decided to restrain him. He complained about not being able to breathe for 10 minutes and then died, in front of the passengers. None of them did anything as the guards were putting him in a position that killed him.

Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

A tale of three cities

, door

cittaslowOne does not have to be an expert on Saskia Sassen to know that the city is at the heart of social change in the age of globalization, from global cities to planet of slums, a great deal of research has focused on how cities promote, or adapt to, social change and how cities are hubs of global social dynamics of class, inequalities, gender and ecology.

For instance, take this first item on the rise of “slow cities”:

“La municipalité est la première de France à adhérer à Cittaslow, le réseau international des “villes lentes”. Inspiré du slow food, le mouvement est né en Italie en 1999 et promeut une gestion municipale centrée sur la qualité de vie, l’économie de proximité, le respect des paysages…, en réaction aux zones commerciales et industrielles, à l’étalement pavillonnaire et au tout-voiture devenus l’ordinaire d’un urbanisme débridé.

Cette révolution tranquille compte de plus en plus de partisans. Cent quarante villes de 21 pays ont déjà adhéré à cette charte de 70 obligations. On trouve des villes lentes dans toute l’Europe, mais aussi en Australie, en Corée du Sud, en Turquie, au Canada…”

Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

Wealth and power

, door

monopoly geldWhat do you think when you read this?

“(1) super-rich financiers on Wall Street and top corporate executives have grown even richer than they were before the Great Recession, even though most Americans are getting poorer or losing their jobs and homes and savings, and more Americans are in poverty.

(2) Yet the lobbyists for the financiers and top corporate executives, and their Republican allies have blocked or tried to block every effort of the Administration to widen the circle of prosperity, including enacting a major jobs program, providing major relief for mortgage holders who are under water, helping working families afford college for their kids, making sure states and cities have enough money to pay our classroom teachers, and cutting taxes on average working people.

(3) They almost scuttled the effort to make sure health care would be affordable to average Americans.

(4) The super-rich say the nation can’t afford any of this because of budget deficits. Yet at the same time their platoons of lobbyists are fighting off efforts to treat their income as taxable earnings rather than capital gains. So last year the 400 richest families in America, with an average income of $300 million each, were taxed at an average rate of only 17 percent. That’s the same tax rate paid by a family earning $30,000.

Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

Us versus Them

, door

First, Immanuel Wallerstein on nationalism and xenophobia:

the american taxpayers are the jews of Obama's ovens“We may applaud the nationalism of the oppressed as something that is worthy and progressive. We may condemn oppressive nationalism by the strong as unworthy and retrogressive. There is however a third situation in which xenophobic nationalism rears its head. It is that of a state in which the population feels or fears that it is losing strength, is somehow in “decline.”

The sentiment of national decline is inevitably particularly exacerbated in times of great economic difficulty, such as the world finds itself in today. So it is no surprise that such xenophobia has begun to play an increasingly important role in the political life of states around the world.

We see it in the United States, where the so-called Tea Party wants to “take back the country” and “restore America and…her honor.” At the rally in Washington on Aug. 28, the organizer, Glenn Beck, said: “As I look at the problems in our country, quite honestly, I think the hot breath of destruction is breathing on our necks and to fix it politically is a figure that I don’t see anywhere.””

Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

Global Cities Index: New York still no. 1

, door

Times Square, New YorkForeign Policy has just published its Global Cities Index, based on 5 dimensions:

  • Business activity: “the value of its capital markets, the number of Fortune Global 500 firms headquartered there, and the volume of the goods that pass through the city“
  • Human capital: “how well the city acts as a magnet for diverse groups of people and talent. This includes the size of a city’s immigrant population, the quality of the universities, the number of international schools, and the percentage of residents with university degrees”

  • Information exchange: “how well news and information is dispersed about and to the rest of the world. The number of international news bureaus, the level of censorship, the amount of international news in the leading local papers, and the broadband subscriber rate”

  • Cultural experience: “the level of diverse attractions for international residents and travelers. That includes everything from how many major sporting events a city hosts to the number of performing arts venues and diverse culinary establishments it boasts and the sister city relationships it maintains“
  • Political engagement: “the degree to which a city influences global policymaking and dialogue“
Foto: Sargasso achtergrond wereldbol

Stealth disasters – chosen disasters

, door

Huilende vrouwen na een rampI have blogged pretty regularly about Virgil Hawkins’s work on stealth conflicts and chosen conflicts: the idea that certain conflicts get disproportionate attention (in the media and politically). For instance, the Israel / Palestine conflict gets enormous attention whereas the atrocities going on in the DRC consistently remain under the radar.

I would argue that the same distinction applies to disasters: certain disasters are more equal than others when it comes to media attention and the corresponding level of aid that can be expected. Roger Yates makes that point in the Guardian. And, as always, Africa gets the short end of the stick:

“The reasons why certain disasters get more media attention than others are a great source of conversation and debate within our sector – what makes a disaster newsworthy? Why do some catastrophes grab media attention while others are left behind?

Sheer death toll is an obvious benchmark for the amount of attention a disaster receives. Without high death tolls there is less media attention, meaning an emergency can reach an extreme stage before it hits the news. The current floods in Pakistan are an argument against this idea, but due to the extraordinary scale of the floods as well as the fact that Pakistan is a significant country in any news agenda, the floods are getting good coverage and, therefore, more donations. Regional relations, common language and colonial ties also help to determine what scale of press attention disasters receive. But somehow, some emergencies still fall into the “hidden crisis” category.

Vorige